沿着十月社会主义革命开辟的道路前进——纪念伟大的十月社会主义革命五十周年

沿着十月社会主义革命开辟的道路前进

——纪念伟大的十月社会主义革命五十周年
《人民日报》、《红旗》杂志、《解放军报》编辑部
1967年11月6日

伟大的十月社会主义革命,已经整整五十年了。

无产阶级的伟大导师列宁领导的十月社会主义革命,第一次把马克思、恩格斯提出的无产阶级专政的理论变成了现实,在世界六分之一的土地上,建立了人类历史上第一个无产阶级专政的国家。

人类历史的新纪元开始了。

世界无产阶级革命和无产阶级专政的新时代开始了。

无产阶级领导的被压迫民族解放斗争的新时代开始了。

当代最伟大的马克思列宁主义者毛泽东同志,对十月社会主义革命的伟大历史意义,作了极其深刻的阐述。他指出:“ 第一次帝国主义世界大战和第一次胜利的社会主义十月革命,改变了整个世界历史的方向,划分了整个世界历史的时代。

十月革命给世界人民解放事业开辟了广大的可能性和现实的道路,十月革命建立了一条从西方无产者经过俄国革命到东方被压迫民族的新的反对世界帝国主义的革命战线。

十月革命的道路,从根本上说来是全人类发展的共同的光明大道。

半个世纪以来,在马克思列宁主义伟大旗帜的指引下,在十月革命的光芒照耀下,世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在,十月革命的熊熊烈火已经在整个地球上燃烧起来了。

伟大的无产阶级专政的中华人民共和国,象巨人般屹立在世界的东方。七亿中国人民,在我们伟大领袖毛主席的亲自发动和领导下,正在开展一场史无前例的无产阶级文化大革命。这场关系到中国前途和人类命运的伟大革命,已经取得了决定性的胜利。

以伟大的马克思列宁主义者恩维尔·霍查同志为首的阿尔巴尼亚劳动党,领导着阿尔巴尼亚人民,以无产阶级的英雄气概,坚持社会主义革命,坚持无产阶级专政,在欧洲树立了一面鲜红的社会主义旗帜。

三千一百万越南人民,英勇地抗击着美帝国主义的疯狂侵略,取得了辉煌的战果,为全世界人民树立了反美武装革命斗争的伟大榜样。

老挝、缅甸、菲律宾、泰国、印度、印尼等等国家的人民,正在走上和坚持革命武装斗争的道路。亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲广大地区的民族民主革命运动,正在蓬蓬勃勃地展开。

西欧、北美、大洋洲的无产阶级,正在觉醒起来,投入反对美帝国主义和本国垄断资本的斗争。

总之,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的旗帜下,国际共产主义运动荡涤着赫鲁晓夫修正主义的污泥浊水,全世界革命的共产党人和广大革命人民,正在沿着十月革命的道路,为着创造一个没有帝国主义、没有资本主义、没有剥削制度的新世界而奋斗。

在列宁和斯大林的领导下,苏联人民以革命首创精神,在资本主义统治的黑暗世界里,经过暴力革命,打碎旧的国家机器,建立无产阶级专政,树起了一座光芒四射的灯塔。在以后的年代里,苏联人民沿着十月革命的道路,取得了战胜白卫军叛乱和十四个国家武装干涉的伟大胜利,取得了粉碎钻进党内的反革命资产阶级代表人物托洛茨基、布哈林之流的机会主义路线的伟大胜利,取得了社会主义改造和社会主义建设的伟大胜利,取得了反法西斯战争的伟大胜利。这一切光荣业绩,都浸透着十月革命英雄儿女的血汗,闪耀着苏联无产阶级的革命英雄主义和崇高国际主义的灿烂光辉。

今天,中国人民和全世界马克思列宁主义者,世界各国革命人民,在纪念伟大的十月社会主义革命五十周年的时候,深深地怀念十月革命的伟大缔造者列宁和他的继承者斯大林。我们永远不会忘记光荣的布尔什维克党和伟大的苏联无产阶级开创十月革命道路,建立无产阶级专政的不可磨灭的历史功勋。

但是,苏联无产阶级和国际无产阶级引为自豪的第一个伟大的社会主义国家,列宁、斯大林时代那个欣欣向荣的苏联,由于以赫鲁晓夫为代表的苏共党内最大的一小撮走资本主义道路当权派篡夺了党和国家的领导,现在已经改变了颜色。曾经被全世界人民看作光明和希望的强大的红色堡垒,在臭名昭著的赫鲁晓夫和他的继任者勃列日涅夫、柯西金修正主义集团的反动统治下,已经变成了现代反革命修正主义的中心,变成了世界反动势力的又一个大本营。

现在,勃列日涅夫、柯西金这一伙叛徒居然厚着脸皮,以十月革命事业的继承者自居,打起“纪念”十月革命五十周年的旗号,进行招摇撞骗。这简直是对伟大列宁的莫大侮辱,对伟大十月革命的莫大侮辱,对伟大苏联人民的莫大侮辱。你们这一伙十月革命的叛徒,有什么资格纪念十月革命?你们只配站在历史法庭的被告席上,接受全世界马克思列宁主义者和亿万革命人民的审判!

正是你们这一伙叛徒,践踏了列宁主义的伟大旗帜,背叛了无产阶级专政的事业,在“全民党”、“全民国家”的幌子下,把列宁缔造的苏联共产党变成了资产阶级政党,把苏联人民用鲜血和生命所建立的无产阶级专政变成了镇压劳动群众的资产阶级专政,把十月革命风暴中诞生的苏维埃国家变成了修正主义国家,变成了资产阶级国家。苏联人民当家作主的权力被剥夺了,他们又处在一批卑鄙工贼——新的资产阶级特权阶层的压迫和奴役之下。

正是你们这一伙叛徒,抛弃了社会主义的旗帜,断送了十月革命的社会主义事业,披着“建设共产主义”的外衣,用资本主义的利润法则和出口竞争代替了社会主义的计划经济和按劳分配原则,把全民所有制企业和集体农庄蜕变为资本主义性质的企业和富农经济。

正是你们这一伙叛徒,在“全民文化”的掩护下,大肆宣扬反动的修正主义思想、腐朽的资产阶级生活方式和丑恶的“西方文化”。资产阶级意识形态统治了今日苏联的整个思想文化领域。十月革命滋养起来的社会主义文化,遭到严重摧残。列宁和斯大林亲自培育起来的共产主义道德风尚,日益淹没在利己主义的冰水之中。

正是你们这一伙叛徒,背叛了无产阶级国际主义,背叛了世界无产阶级的革命事业,把“和平共处”、“和平竞赛”、“和平过渡”作为对外政策的总路线.跪倒在美帝国主义的脚下,同世界上一切最反动的势力结成反共、反人民、反革命、反中国的新“神圣同盟”。你们到处兜售修正主义的鸦片,麻醉人民群众,出卖革命利益,破坏革命斗争,使成千成万的共产党人和革命战士被帝国主义及其走狗所屠杀。

你们这一伙叛徒对苏联人民和全世界人民犯下了滔天罪行。你们是苏联人民最凶恶的敌人,也是世界革命人民共同的敌人。

毛泽东同志经常告诉我们: 革命的政党,革命的人民,总是要反复地经受正反两个方面的教育,经过比较和对照,才能够锻炼得成熟起来,才有赢得胜利的保证。轻视反面教员的作用,就不是一个彻底的辩证唯物主义者。

苏联和其他一些社会主义国家被现代修正主义者篡夺了政权,逐步出现了资本主义的全面复辟,给全世界马克思列宁主义者和革命人民提供了很深刻的历史教训:无产阶级取得政权以后,还可能丧失政权,无产阶级专政还可以变成资产阶级专政。无产阶级除了防御国内外敌人用武力颠覆政权以外,更重要的,是要警惕赫鲁晓夫式的人物从内部来篡夺党和国家的领导,走上“和平演变”的道路。赫鲁晓夫修正主义者对无产阶级专政事业的背叛,充当了国际无产阶级最大的反面教员。从这个意义上说,给赫鲁晓夫一个一吨重的“勋章”,他是当之无愧的。

伟大的、英勇的马克思列宁主义的旗手毛泽东同志和以毛泽东同志为首的中国共产党,领导着七亿中国人民,同全世界马克思列宁主义者一道,同全世界革命人民一道,以无产阶级大无畏的革命气概,对以苏修叛徒集团为中心的现代修正主义展开了气势磅礴的伟大斗争,在国际上取得了辉煌的胜利,并一定将继续取得更大的胜利。

毛泽东同志对国际共产主义运动最伟大的贡献,在于他系统地总结了中国无产阶级专政的历史经验,系统地总结了十月革命以来国际无产阶级专政的历史经验,不但总结了正面的经验,而且总结了反面的经验,特别是总结了苏联资本主义全面复辟的严重教训,完整地、彻底地解决了在无产阶级专政下继续进行革命、防止资本主义复辟这一个当代最重大的课题。这是马克思列宁主义关于无产阶级专政学说划时代的伟大发展。

无产阶级专政的学说,是马克思和恩格斯创立的。巴黎的无产阶级进行了第一次夺取政权的英勇尝试。巴黎公社虽然失败了,但是正如马克思所说的,“ 公社的原则是永存的,是消灭不了的。

马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中,提出了一个总结他全部革命学说的著名论断:“ 在资本主义社会和共产主义社会之间,有一个从前者变为后者的革命转变时期。同这个时期相适应的也有一个政治上的过渡时期,这个时期的国家只能是无产阶级的革命专政。

列宁在同第二国际修正主义的斗争中,继承、捍卫和发展了马克思主义关于无产阶级革命和无产阶级专政的学说,解决了帝国主义时代无产阶级革命的一系列问题,解决了一个国家内社会主义能够胜利的问题,把马克思主义发展到一个新的阶段,即列宁主义阶段。

十月革命以后,列宁曾经多次指出,在无产阶级专政条件下,还存在着尖锐复杂的阶级斗争,还存在着资本主义复辟的可能性。他说:

在推翻资产阶级政权以后,在破坏资产阶级国家以后,在建立无产阶级专政以后,阶级斗争并不是消失(如旧社会主义和旧社会民主党中的庸人所想象的那样),而只是改变它的形式,在许多方面变得更加残酷。

从资本主义过渡到共产主义是一整个历史时代。只要这个时代没有结束,剥削者就必然存着复辟希望,并把这种希望变为复辟行动。

列宁深刻地分析了在无产阶级专政条件下,为什么被推翻的资产阶级还有强大的力量和条件进行反抗和复辟活动,说明了巩固和加强无产阶级专政的必要性。他指出:

无产阶级专政是新阶级对较强大的敌人——资产阶级进行的最无畏和最无情的战斗。资产阶级的反抗,因为自己被推翻(哪怕是在一个国家内)而凶猛十倍。它的强大不仅在于国际资本的力量,不仅在于它的各种国际联系牢固有力,而且还在于习惯的力量,小生产的力量。因为,可惜现在世界上还有很多很多小生产,而小生产是经常地、每曰每时地、自发地和大批地产生着资本主义和资产阶级的。由于这一切原因,无产阶级专政是必要的。

列宁还注意到了意识形态领域中阶级斗争的严重性。他明确指出:

我们的任务不只是要战胜资本家在军事上和政治上的反抗,而且要战胜资本家在思想方面的最深刻、最强烈的反抗。

列宁的这些光辉思想,这些伟大的科学预见,极大地发展了马克思主义关于无产阶级专政的学说,对今天一切坚持十月革命道路的马克思列宁主义者,都有着重大的现实意义。

赫鲁晓夫、勃列日涅夫、柯西金这一伙现代修正主义者完全背叛了列宁这些思想。毛泽东同志在向现代修正主义者作斗争的时候,在阐明必须坚持无产阶级专政的时候,总是教导我们不要忘记列宁这些话。

毛泽东同志全面地继承、捍卫和发展了马克思列宁主义,创造性地提出了无产阶级专政下继续革命的伟大理论,并且亲自发动和领导了人类历史上第一次无产阶级文化大革命的伟大实践。这是马克思主义发展到一个崭新阶段,即毛泽东思想阶段的一个极其重大的标志。

毛泽东同志关于无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论的要点是:

一、必须用马克思列宁主义的对立统一的规律来观察社会主义社会。毛泽东同志指出: “对立统一规律是宇宙的根本规律。”“矛盾是普遍存在的”,“事物内部的这种矛盾性是事物发展的根本原因”。在社会主义社会中,“有两类社会矛盾,这就是敌我之间的矛盾和人民内部的矛盾。”“敌我之间的矛盾是对抗性的矛盾。人民内部的矛盾,在劳动人民之间说来,是非对抗性的。” 毛泽东同志告诉我们:必须 “划分敌我和人民内部两类矛盾的界线”,“正确处理人民内部矛盾” ,才能使无产阶级专政日益巩固和加强,使社会主义制度日益发展。

二、“ 社会主义社会是一个相当长的历史阶段。在社会主义这个历史阶段中,还存在着阶级、阶级矛盾和阶级斗争,存在着社会主义同资本主义两条道路的斗争,存在着资本主义复辟的危险性。 ”在生产资料所有制的社会主义改造基本完成以后,“ 阶级斗争并没有结束。无产阶级和资产阶级之间的阶级斗争,各派政治力量之间的阶级斗争,无产阶级和资产阶级之间在意识形态方面的阶级斗争,还是长时期的,曲折的,有时甚至是很激烈的。 ”为了防止资本主义复辟,为了防止“和平演变”,必须把政治战线和思想战线上的社会主义革命进行到底。

三、无产阶级专政下的阶级斗争,在本质上,依然是政权问题,就是资产阶级要推翻无产阶级专政,无产阶级则要大力巩固无产阶级专政。 无产阶级必须在上层建筑其中包括各个文化领域中对资产阶级实行全面的专政。“我们对他们的关系绝对不是什么平等的关系,而是一个阶级压迫另一个阶级的关系,即无产阶级对资产阶级实行独裁或专政的关系,而不能是什么别的关系,例如所谓平等关系、被剥削阶级同剥削阶级的和平共处关系、仁义道德关系等等。”

四、社会上两个阶级、两条道路的斗争,必然会反映到党内来。 党内一小撮走资本主义道路的当权派,就是资产阶级在党内的代表人物。 他们 “是一批反革命的修正主义分子,一旦时机成熟,他们就会要夺取政权,由无产阶级专政变为资产阶级专政”。我们要巩固无产阶级专政,就必须充分注意识破“睡在我们的身旁”的“赫鲁晓夫那样的人物” ,充分揭露他们,批判他们,整倒他们,使他们不能翻天,把那些被他们篡夺了的权力坚决夺回到无产阶级手中。

五、无产阶级专政下继续进行革命,最重要的,是要开展 无产阶级文化大革命

“无产阶级文化大革命,只能是群众自己解放自己”。“要让群众在这个大革命运动中,自己教育自己”。 就是说, 这个无产阶级文化大革命,运用无产阶级专政下的大民主的方法,自下而上地放手发动群众,同时,实行无产阶级革命派的大联合,实行革命群众、人民解放军和革命干部的革命三结合。

六、无产阶级文化大革命在思想领域中的根本纲领是“斗私,批修”。 “无产阶级要按照自己的世界观改造世界,资产阶级也要按照自己的世界观改造世界。”因此,无产阶级文化大革命是触及人们灵魂的大革命,是要解决人们的世界观问题。 要在政治上、思想上、理论上批判修正主义,用无产阶级的思想去战胜资产阶级利己主义和一切非无产阶级思想,改革教育,改革文艺,改革一切不适应于社会主义经济基础的上层建筑,挖掉修正主义的根子。

毛泽东同志提出的上述这些关于无产阶级专政下继续革命的理论,天才地创造性地发展了马克思列宁主义关于无产阶级专政时期阶级斗争的观念,天才地发展了无产阶级专政的观念,具有划时代的意义,在马克思主义发展史上,树立了第三个伟大的里程碑。

列宁在五十年以前曾经强调指出:“ 只有承认阶级斗争、同时也承认无产阶级专政的人,才是马克思主义者。马克思主义者同庸俗小资产者(以及大资产者)之间的最大区别就在这里。必须用这块试金石来测验是否真正了解和承认马克思主义。 ”今天,我们可以说,只有承认无产阶级专政、同时也承认在无产阶级专政下还要继续进行革命的人,才是真正的马克思列宁主义者。这正是检验是否真正了解和承认马克思列宁主义的试金石。

伟大的十月社会主义革命,打开了无产阶级夺取政权的道路。它的基本经验,反映了帝国主义和无产阶级革命时代进行革命的普遍规律。中国的无产阶级文化大革命,打开了巩固无产阶级专政、防止资本主义复辟、通向共产主义的道路。它的基本经验反映了无产阶级专政建立以后,向共产主义过渡的历史阶段中阶级斗争的普遍规律。尽管今后还会出现各种新的问题,遇到各种困难和曲折,但是,由于中国无产阶级文化大革命的伟大胜利,就正如列宁在评价十月革命的意义时所说的那样:“ 重要的是,坚冰已经打破,航线已经开通,道路已经指明。

斯大林说:“ 十月革命并不是单只‘民族范围内的’革命。它首先就是国际性世界性的革命。 ”就象十月革命并不是单只“民族范围内”的革命一样,中国的无产阶级文化大革命,也不是单只“民族范围内”的革命,它同时也是国际性的革命。这场大革命获得了全世界无产阶级和革命人民的热烈支持。它的伟大胜利,开辟了国际共产主义运动的新纪元,在人类发展史上,必将产生深远的影响。

先进的革命理论,总是伴随着由这个理论所指导的革命斗争的伟大胜利而得到广泛的传播的。五十年前的十月革命,曾经极大地推动了马克思列宁主义的传播,使世界革命的面目为之一新。毛泽东同志指导下的中国革命在一九四九年的胜利,进一步地、大大地改变了世界的面目。中国的无产阶级文化大革命,在短短的一年多时间,摧毁了以中国赫鲁晓夫为首的资产阶级司令部,使剥削阶级的各种威风扫地。这一个伟大的群众运动,震动了世界,使世界人民对毛泽东思想的认识,提到了一个崭新的高度,深刻得多了,丰富得多了。

世界革命人民越来越清楚地认识到,毛泽东同志是当代无产阶级最伟大的导师和最杰出的领袖,毛主席就是当代的列宁。毛泽东思想是当代最高水平的马克思列宁主义,是使当代帝国主义、修正主义和各国反动派闻风丧胆的马克思列宁主义,是无产阶级和广大革命人民最强大的思想武器。

毛泽东思想的传播,使革命的人们进一步划清了马克思列宁主义和现代修正主义之间的严格界限。现在,人们再回过头去瞧瞧赫鲁晓夫及其门徒在工人运动后院的粪堆上所摆设的那些旧货摊,对于什么是香花,什么是毒草,什么是十月革命的道路,什么是反十月革命的道路,就看得更加清楚了。那些叫嚣所谓“全民党”、“全民国家”,把无产阶级专政抛到了九霄云外去的赫鲁晓夫修正主义小丑们,再要用“全面建设共产主义”的旗号去欺骗人民,越发困难了。那些披着马克思主义外衣的议会迷们,再要阻挡无产阶级起来用武装夺取政权,越发困难了。

现在,世界已经进入了以毛泽东思想为伟大旗帜的革命新时代。十八世纪末,革命中心在法国,十九世纪中叶转到了德国,无产阶级走上了政治舞台,产生了马克思主义。二十世纪初叶,革命中心转到了俄国,产生了列宁主义。现在,世界的革命中心又逐步转到了中国,产生了毛泽东思想。经过伟大的无产阶级文化大革命,中国这个世界的革命中心,变得更加巩固,更加强大了。

毛主席说:“ 中国人民一贯把中国革命看作是伟大的十月社会主义革命的继续,并且以此为莫大的光荣。 ”当前我们正在从事的无产阶级文化大革命,就是十月革命在新历史条件下的更高阶段上的继续。今天,我国人民对十月社会主义革命五十周年最好的纪念,就是高举十月革命的伟大旗帜,高举马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的伟大旗帜,坚持把无产阶级文化大革命进行到底,坚决支持全世界一切革命的马克思列宁主义者和各国人民,并同他们一道,把反对帝国主义、反对现代修正主义和反对各国反动派的斗争进行到底。

毛泽东同志在纪念十月革命四十周年的时候指出:“ 社会主义制度终究要代替资本主义制度,这是一个不以人们自己的意志为转移的客观规律。不管反动派怎样企图阻止历史车轮的前进,革命或迟或早总会发生,并且将必然取得胜利。

毛泽东同志在一九六二年就说过:“ 苏联是第一个社会主义国家,苏联共产党是列宁创造的党。虽然,苏联的党和国家的领导现在被修正主义者篡夺了,但是,我劝同志们坚决相信,苏联广大的人民、广大的党员和干部,是好的,是要革命的,修正主义的统治是不会长久的。

苏联出现的资本主义的全面复辟,只不过是国际共产主义运动史上的一段暂时插曲。我们坚信,由伟大列宁和斯大林所教养的、有着十月革命光荣传统的、经过了反法西斯战争锻炼和考验的真正的苏联共产党人和伟大的苏联人民,绝不会长期容忍苏修叛徒集团骑在自己脖子上作威作福。他们正在采取各种各样的办法同苏修叛徒集团进行斗争。他们一定会在伟大十月革命的旗帜下团结起来,继承列宁、斯大林的遗志,坚持长期斗争,冲破重重黑暗,使十月革命的红星,重新放射出更加灿烂的光辉。

马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的伟大真理,是不可抗拒的。全世界百分之九十以上的人总是要革命的。人民群众总是要胜利的。世界革命总是要胜利的。在毛泽东思想的伟大革命旗帜下,十月革命所开创的无产阶级专政的伟大事业一定会以更加雄伟的步伐向前迈进,共产主义必将在全世界赢得最后的胜利。

ADVANCE ALONG THE ROAD OPENED UP BY THE OCTOBER SOCIALIST REVOLUTION

— In Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

by the Editorial Departments of Renmin Ribao , Hongqi and Jiefangjun Bao

(November 6, 1967)

Full 50 years have passed since the Great October Socialist Revolution.

The October Socialist Revolution led by Lenin, great teacher of the proletariat, for the first time translated into reality the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat ad­vanced by Marx and Engels and established the first state of the dictatorship of the proletariat in the history of mankind over one-sixth of the globe.

A new epoch began in the history of mankind.

A new era of the world proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat began.

A new era of the oppressed nations’ struggle for libera­tion led by the proletariat began.

Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the greatest Marxist-Leninist of our time, has made a most penetrating exposition of the great historic significance of the October Socialist Revolu­tion. He points out:

“The first imperialist world war and the first victorious socialist revolution, the October Revolution, have changed the whole course of world history and ushered in a new era.”

“The October Revolution has opened up wide possibili­ties for the emancipation of the peoples of the world and opened up the realistic paths towards it; it has created a new front of revolutions against world imperialism, ex­tending from the proletarians of the West, through the Russian revolution to the oppressed peoples of the East.”

“The road of the October Revolution is, fundamentally speaking, the bright road of progress for all mankind.”

Under the guidance of the great banner of Marxism- Leninism and the illumination of the October Revolution, the world has undergone earth-shaking changes in the last 50 years. The flames of the October Revolution are now raging throughout the world.

The great People’s Republic of China under the dicta­torship of the proletariat stands like a giant in the East. Aroused and led by our great leader Chairman Mao himself, the 700 million people of China are carrying out a great proletarian cultural revolution such as has never been known before in history. This great revolution which has a vital bearing on the future of China and the destiny of mankind has won decisive victory.

The Albanian Party of Labour headed by the great Marxist-Leninist Comrade Enver Hoxha has led the Albanian people in persevering with proletarian heroism in the socialist revolution and the dictatorship of the pro­letariat, thus raising a bright red banner of socialism in Europe.

Valiantly resisting the wanton U.S. imperialist ag­gression, the 31 million people of Vietnam have scored brilliant victories and set a great example of anti-U.S. armed revolutionary struggle for the people of the whole world.

The people of Laos, Burma, the Philippines, Thailand, India, Indonesia and other countries are embarking on or persisting in the road of revolutionary armed struggle. The national-democratic revolutionary movement is un­folding vigorously in the vast areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

The proletariat of Western Europe, North America and Oceania are awakening and plunging into the struggle against U.S. imperialism and monopoly capital in their own countries.

In short, under the banner of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Tse-tung’s thought, the international communist move­ment is cleaning up all the mire of Khrushchov revision­ism, and the revolutionary Communists and the broad masses of revolutionary people the world over are fight­ing, along the road of the October Revolution, to create a new world without imperialism, without capitalism and without the exploitation of man by man.

Under the leadership of Lenin and Stalin, the people of the Soviet Union, with revolutionary initiative, smashed the old state machine in the dark world of capi­talist rule by means of violent revolution, established the dictatorship of the proletariat, and thus erected a radiant beacon. In the subsequent years, following the road of the October Revolution, the Soviet people won great victories in defeating the White Guard rebellion and the armed intervention of 14 countries, in smashing the op­portunist line of Trotsky, Bukharin and company, counter­revolutionary representatives of the bourgeoisie who had wormed their way into the Party, in carrying out social­ist transformation and socialist construction, and in wag­ing the anti-fascist war. All these glorious exploits were made at the cost of oceans of the sweat and blood of the heroic sons and daughters of the October Revolution, and they shine with the brilliance of the revolutionary hero­ism and lofty internationalism of the Soviet proletariat.

Today, in commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Chinese people and Marxist-Leninists and revolutionary people of all countries deeply cherish the memory of Lenin, the great creator of the October Revolution, and his successor Stalin. We shall never forget the indelible historic feats of the glorious Bolshevik Party and the great Soviet proletariat in opening up the road of the October Revolution and es­tablishing the dictatorship of the proletariat.

However, the first great socialist state, the Soviet Union, which was the pride of the Soviet and the world proletariat and was thriving at the time of Lenin and Stalin, has now changed its political colour as a result of the usurpation of Party and state leadership by the hand­ful of top persons in authority taking the capitalist road within the C.P.S.U., as represented by Khrushchov. Under the reactionary rule of the notorious Khrushchov and the revisionist clique headed by his successors Brezhnev and Kosygin, the powerful red bastion, which was once regarded as the light and hope by the people throughout the world, has become the centre of modern counter­revolutionary revisionism and another headquarters of world reaction.

The renegades Brezhnev, Kosygin and company now have the impudence to style themselves successors to the cause of the October Revolution and to engage in dema­gogy, flaunting the banner of “commemorating” the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. What a monstrous insult to the great Lenin, to the Great October Revolu­tion and to the great Soviet people! You renegade to the October Revolution, by what right do you commem­orate the October Revolution? The only place for you is in the dock of history to be tried by the Marxist- Leninists and the hundreds of millions of revolutionary people all over the world!

It is you renegades who have trampled underfoot the great banner of Leninism, betrayed the cause of the dictatorship of the proletariat and, under the signboard of the “party of the entire people” and “state of the whole people”, turned the Communist Party of the Soviet Union founded by Lenin into a bourgeois party, turned the dictatorship of the proletariat set up by the Soviet people at the cost of their blood and lives into a dictator­ship of the bourgeoisie which suppresses the labouring masses, and turned the Soviet state born amidst the storm of the October Revolution into a revisionist and bourgeois state. The Soviet people have been denied the right to be their own masters and are again under oppression and enslavement by a group of despicable scabs — a new privileged bourgeois stratum.

It is you renegades who have discarded the banner of socialism, strangled the socialist cause of the October Revolution and, under the cloak of “building commu­nism”, replaced the socialist planned economy and the principle of “to each according to his work” by the capital­ist principle of profit-seeking and free competition, caus­ing enterprises owned by the whole people and collec­tive farms to degenerate into enterprises of a capitalist nature and a kulak economy.

It is you renegades who, under the cover of “culture of the entire people”, energetically advertise reactionary revisionist ideas, the decadent bourgeois way of life and ugly “Western culture”. Bourgeois ideology dominates all spheres of ideology and culture in the Soviet Union today. The socialist culture fostered by the October Rev­olution has been trampled underfoot. The communist morality personally nurtured by Lenin and Stalin is being submerged in the icy waters of egoism.

It is you renegades who have betrayed proletarian in­ternationalism and the revolutionary cause of the world proletariat, made “peaceful coexistence”, “peaceful com­petition” and “peaceful transition” the general line of foreign policy, prostrated yourselves before U.S. imperial- « ism and formed a new “Holy Alliance” with all the most reactionary forces in the world against communism, against the people, against revolution and against China. You are everywhere peddling the opium of revisionism, trying to paralyse the masses of the people, selling out the interests of the revolution and undermining revolu­tionary struggles, with the result that Communists and revolutionary fighters have been massacred in their tens of thousands by imperialism and its lackeys.

You renegades have committed heinous crimes against the Soviet people and the people throughout the world. You are the sworn enemy of the Soviet people as well as the common enemy of the revolutionary people of the world.

Comrade Mao Tse-tung has often told us: It is only through repeated education by positive and negative ’ examples and through comparisons and contrasts that revolutionary Parties and the revolutionary people can temper themselves, become mature and make sure of victory. Whoever belittles the role of teachers by nega­ tive example is not a thoroughgoing dialectical material­ist.

The usurpation of state power by the modem revi­sionists and the gradual emergence of an all-round cap­italist restoration in the Soviet Union and other so­cialist countries have provided the Marxist-Leninists and revolutionary people of the whole world with a very profound historical lesson: After seizing state power, the proletariat may still lose it and the dictatorship of the proletariat can still revert to a dictatorship of the bour­geoisie. Not only must the proletariat guard against armed subversion of state power by its enemies at home and abroad. What is more important, it must be vigilant against usurpation of Party and state leadership from within by persons of the Khrushchov type and against the taking of the path of “peaceful evolution”. In be­traying the cause of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the Khrushchov revisionists serve the world proletariat as first-rate teachers by negative example. In this sense, Khrushchov deserves a one-ton “medal”.

Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the great and valiant standard bearer of Marxism-Leninism, and the Communist Party of China headed by him are leading the 700 million Chi­nese people, along with the Marxist-Leninists and revolu­tionary people the world over, in waging with dauntless proletarian revolutionary spirit a great powerful struggle against modern revisionism with the Soviet revisionist renegade clique as its centre. They have won brilliant victories internationally and will surely continue to win still greater victories.

Comrade Mao Tse-tung’s greatest contribution to the international communist movement is his systematic summing up of the historical experience of the dictator­ship of the proletariat in China and of the dictatorship of the proletariat in the world since the October Rev­olution; he has summed up not only the positive but also the negative experience, and, in particular, the grave lessons of the all-round restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union; and he has comprehensively and thoroughly solved the cardinal issue of our time, the issue of carrying on the revolution and preventing capitalist restoration under the dictatorship of the proletariat. This is a great epoch-making development of the Marxist-Leninist theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

The theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat was founded by Marx and Engels. The proletariat of Paris made the first heroic attempt to seize political power. The Paris Commune failed but, as Marx said, “the prin­ciples of the Commune are eternal and cannot be crushed”.

In his Critique of the Gotha Programme, Marx advanced the well-known thesis summing up his entire revolution­ary theory that “between capitalist and communist society lies the period of the revolutionary transformation of the one into the other. There corresponds to this also a polit­ical transition period in which the state can be nothing but the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat”.

In his struggle against the revisionism of the Second International, Lenin inherited, defended and developed the Marxist theory on proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, solved a series of problems of the proletarian revolution in the era of imperialism and solved the question of the possibility of the victory of socialism in one country, thus developing Marxism to a new stage, the stage of Leninism.

After the October Revolution, Lenin pointed out on many occasions that acute and complex class struggles and the possibility of capitalist restoration still existed under the dictatorship of the proletariat. He said:

“Class struggle, . . . after the overthrow of capitalist rule, after the destruction of the bourgeois state, after the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat, does not disappear (as the vulgar representatives of the old socialism and the old social-democracy imagine), but merely changes its forms and in many respects becomes fiercer.”

“The transition from capitalism to communism takes an entire historical epoch. Until this epoch is over, the exploiters inevitably cherish the hope of restoration, and this hope turns into attempts at restoration.”

Lenin made a penetrating analysis of why, under the dictatorship of the proletariat, the overthrown bourgeoisie still has immense strength and is in the position to resist and carry out activities for a restoration, and he explained the necessity for consolidating and strengthening the dic­tatorship of the proletariat. He stated:

“The dictatorship of the proletariat means a most determined and most ruthless war waged by the new class against a more powerful enemy, the bourgeoisie, whose resistance is increased tenfold by their overthrow (even if only in a single country), and whose power lies, not only in the strength of international capital, the strength and durability of their international connections, but also in the force of habit, in the strength of small-scale production. Unfortunately, small-scale production is still widespread in the world, and small-scale produc­tion engenders capitalism and the bourgeoisie con­tinuously, daily, hourly, spontaneously, and on a mass scale. All these reasons make the dictatorship of the proletariat necessary.”

Lenin also took note of the seriousness of the class struggle in the ideological sphere. He explicitly pointed out:

“Our task is — to defeat all the resistance of the capi­talists, not only military and political but also ideological, which is the deepest and the most powerful.”

These brilliant ideas and these great scientific pre­dictions of Lenin’s have tremendously developed the Marxist theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat and are of immense practical significance today for all Marxist-Leninists who adhere to the road of the October Revolution.

The modern revisionists Khrushchov, Brezhnev, Kosygin and company have completely betrayed these ideas of Lenin’s. Comrade Mao Tse-tung, while fighting against the modem revisionists and explaining the neces­sity for persevering in the dictatorship of the proletariat, has invariably taught us not to forget these statements of Lenin’s.

Comrade Mao Tse-tung has comprehensively inherited, defended and developed Marxism-Leninism, he has crea­tively put forward the great theory of the continuation of the revolution under the dictatorship of the prole­tariat, and he has personally initiated and led the great practice of the first great proletarian cultural revolution in the history of mankind. This is an extremely im­portant landmark, demonstrating that Marxism has de­veloped to a completely new stage, the stage of Mao Tse-tung’s thought.

The essentials of Comrade Mao Tse-tung’s theory of the continuation of the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat are as follows:

One. It is necessary to apply the Marxist-Leninist law of the unity of opposites to the study of socialist society. Comrade Mao Tse-tung points out: “The law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of the universe.” “Contradictions exist everywhere”, “contradictoriness within a thing is the fundamental cause of its develop­ment”. In socialist society, there are “two types of social contradictions — those between ourselves and the enemy and those among the people themselves”. “The contradic­tions between ourselves and the enemy are antagonistic contradictions. Within the ranks of the people, the con­tradictions among the working people are non-antagonistic.” Comrade Mao Tse-tung tells us: It is necessary to “distinguish contradictions among the people from those between ourselves and the enemy” and “correctly handle contradictions among the people”, so that the dictatorship of the proletariat can become increasingly consolidated and strengthened and the socialist system developed.

Two. “Socialist society covers a fairly long historical stage. In this stage, classes, class contradictions and class struggle continue, the struggle between the socialist road and the capitalist road continues and the danger of capi­talist restoration remains.” After the basic completion of the socialist transformation of the ownership of the means of production, “the class struggle is by no means over. The class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the class struggle between the different political forces, and the class struggle in the ideological field between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie will continue to be long and tortuous and at times will even become very acute”. In order to prevent capitalist restora­tion and “peaceful evolution”, it is imperative to carry the socialist revolution on the political and ideological fronts through to the end.

Three. The class struggle under the dictatorship of the proletariat is in essence still a matter of political power, in other words, the bourgeoisie tries to overthrow the dictatorship of the proletariat while the proletariat strives to consolidate it. The proletariat must exercise all-round dictatorship over the bourgeoisie in the field of the superstructure, including the various spheres of culture. “Our relation with them can in no way be one of equality. On the contrary, it is a relation of one class oppressing another, that is, the dictatorship of the prole­tariat over the bourgeoisie. There can be no other type of relation, such as a so-called relation of equality, or of peaceful coexistence between exploiting and exploited classes, or of kindness or magnanimity.”

Four. The struggle between the two classes and two roads in society is inevitably reflected within the Party. The handful of Party persons in authority taking the capi­talist road are the representatives of the bourgeoisie within the Party. They “are a bunch of counter-revolu­tionary revisionists. Once conditions are ripe, they will seize political power and turn the dictatorship of the pro­letariat into a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie”. In order to consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat, we must take great care to see through the “persons like Khru­shchov” “who are still nestling beside us”, fully expose them, criticize and repudiate them, overthrow them, make it impossible for them ever to rise again, and we must firmly recapture for the proletariat the power they have usurped.

Five. It is of the greatest importance for the continua­tion of the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat that the great proletarian cultural revolution should be carried out.

“In the great proletarian cultural revolution, the only method is for the masses to liberate themselves.” “Let the masses educate themselves in this great revolutionary movement.” In other words, this revolution is boldly arousing the masses from below by means of extensive democracy under the dictatorship of the proletariat and, at the same time, is forging the great alliance of the pro­letarian revolutionaries and the revolutionary “three-way alliance” of the revolutionary masses, the People’s Libera­tion Army and the revolutionary cadres.

Six. “Fight self, repudiate revisionism” is the funda­mental programme of the great proletarian cultural rev­olution in the ideological field. “The proletariat seeks to transform the world according to its own world out­look, and so does the bourgeoisie.” Therefore, the great proletarian cultural revolution is a great revolution that touches people to their very souls and aims at solving the problem of their world outlook. We must criticize and repudiate revisionism politically, ideologically and theoretically, use proletarian ideology to overcome bour­geois egoism and all non-proletarian ideas, transform education, literature and art and all other parts of the superstructure that are not in correspondence with the socialist economic base, and thus uproot revisionism.

In putting forward the above theory of the continuation of the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, Comrade Mao Tse-tung has creatively and with genius developed the Marxist-Leninist conception of class strug­gle in the period of the dictatorship of the proletariat and has developed with genius the conception of the dictator­ship of the proletariat. This is of epoch-making significance and represents the third great milestone in the his­tory of the development of Marxism.

Fifty years ago Lenin stressed that “only he is a Marxist who extends the recognition of the class struggle to the recognition of the dictatorship of the proletariat. This is what constitutes the most profound difference between the Marxist and the ordinary petty (as well as big) bour­geois. This is the touchstone on which the real under­standing and recognition of Marxism is to be tested”. We may now say that only he is a genuine Marxist- Leninist who extends the recognition of the dictatorship of the proletariat to the recognition of the need to con­tinue the revolution under the dictatorship of the prole­tariat. This is the touchstone on which the real under­standing and recognition of Marxism-Leninism are to be tested.

The Great October Socialist Revolution opened the way for the proletariat to seize political power. The funda­mental experience of the October Revolution expresses the universal law for making revolution in the era of im­perialism and proletarian revolution. China’s great pro­letarian cultural revolution has opened the way for the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat, for the prevention of capitalist restoration and for the advance to communism. The fundamental experience of the cul­tural revolution expresses the universal law of class struggle in the historical stage of the transition to com­munism following the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Various new problems may arise in the future and there may be difficulties and twists and turns; nevertheless, with the triumph of China’s great proletarian cultural revolution, “the important thing is that the ice has been broken — the road is open and the path has been blazed”, as Lenin said in appraising the significance of the October Revolution.

Stalin said: “The October Revolution should not be regarded merely as a revolution ‘within national bounds’. It is, primarily, a revolution of an international, world order.” Like the October Revolution, China’s great pro­letarian cultural revolution is not merely a revolution “within national bounds”; it is likewise a revolution of an international order. This great revolution has won the enthusiastic support of the proletariat and revolu­tionary people throughout the world. Its great victory has opened a new era in the international communist movement and will assuredly have a far-reaching in­fluence on the course of human history.

Advanced revolutionary theory always spreads far and wide along with the great victory of the revolutionary struggle which it guides. The October Revolution 50 years ago very greatly stimulated the dissemination of Marxism-Leninism so that the world revolution took on an entirely new look. With the victory of the Chinese revolution in 1949 under the guidance of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the world has undergone a further radical change. In the short space of over a year, China’s great proletarian cultural revolution has crushed the bourgeois headquarters led by China’s Khrushchov, and utterly dis­credited the exploiting classes in every respect. This great mass mobilization has shaken the world, and has brought the understanding of Mao Tse-tung’s thought on the part of the people of the world forward to a new and higher level, making it far richer and more profound than ever before.

The revolutionary people of the world have come to understand more and more clearly that Comrade Mao Tse-tung is the greatest teacher and most outstanding leader of the proletariat in the present era and that Chair­man Mao is indeed the Lenin of our time. Mao Tse-tung’s thought is Marxism-Leninism at its highest in the present era, is Marxism-Leninism that strikes terror into the hearts of the imperialists, revisionists and reactionaries of all countries, and is the most powerful ideological weapon of the proletariat and the masses of revolutionary people.

With the dissemination of Mao Tse-tung’s thought, the revolutionary people are better able to draw a strict line between Marxism-Leninism and modern revisionism. When they look back at the dung hill in the backyard of the workers’ movement and see the old wares which Khrushchov and his followers have been trying to peddle, people can now more clearly distinguish the fragrant flowers from the poisonous weeds, distinguish the road of the October Revolution from the road which runs counter to it. The Khrushchov revisionist buffoons who clamour for a “party of the entire people” and a “state of the whole people” and have cast the dictatorship of the proletariat to the four winds are finding it more and more difficult to deceive the people with the signboard of “all-round communist construction”. Those parlia­mentary cretins who don the cloak of Marxism are find­ing it more and more difficult to prevent the proletariat from rising in arms to seize political power.

The world has now entered a revolutionary new era, with Mao Tse-tung’s thought as its great banner. France was the centre of revolution in the late 18th century, and the centre moved to Germany in the mid-19th century when the proletariat entered the political arena and Marxism came into being. The centre of revolution moved to Russia early in the 20th century, and Leninism came into being. The centre of world revolution has since gradually moved to China and Mao Tse-tung’s thought has come into being. Through the great prole­tarian cultural revolution, China, the centre of world rev­olution, has become more powerful and consolidated.

Chairman Mao says: “The Chinese people have always considered the Chinese revolution a continuation of the Great October Socialist Revolution and they regard this as a great honour.” The great proletarian cul­tural revolution in which we are now engaged is precisely the continuation of the October Revolution in a higher stage under new historical conditions. The best way for the Chinese people to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution today is to hold aloft the great banner of the October Revolution and the great banner of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Tse-tung’s thought, carry the great proletarian cultural revolution resolutely through to the end, firmly support all the revolutionary Marxist-Leninists of the world and the people of all coun­tries, and, together with them, carry the struggle against imperialism, modern revisionism and all reaction through to the end.

When commemorating the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution, Comrade Mao Tse-tung pointed out: “The socialist system will eventually replace the capitalist system; this is an objective law independent of man’s will. However much the reactionaries try to hold back the wheel of history, sooner or later revolution will take place and will inevitably triumph.”

And in 1962 Comrade Mao Tse-tung said: “The Soviet (Inion was the first socialist state and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was created by Lenin. Although the leadership of the Soviet Party and state has now been usurped by revisionists, I would advise comrades to remain firm in the conviction that the masses of the So­viet people and of Party members and cadres are good, that they desire revolution and that revisionist rule will not last long.”

The all-round restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union is only a brief interlude in the history of the inter­national communist movement. We are firmly convinced that the genuine Soviet Communists and the great Soviet people, who have been taught by the great Lenin and Stalin, who have the glorious tradition of the October Revolution and who were tested and tempered in the anti-fascist war, will not tolerate for long the renegade clique of the Soviet revisionists riding roughshod over them. They are now waging struggles against the Soviet revisionist renegade clique in a variety of ways. They will certainly unite under the banner of the Great October Revolution, carry forward the behests of Lenin and Stalin, persevere in prolonged struggle, break through the heavy darkness and make the red star of the October Revolution shine forth again, and shine still more bril­liantly.

The great truth of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Tse-tung’s thought is irresistible. More than 90 per cent of the world’s population are invariably for revolution. The masses of the people will eventually triumph. The world revolution will eventually triumph. Under the great revolutionary banner of Mao Tse-tung’s thought, the great cause of the dictatorship of the proletariat pioneered by the October Revolution will certainly advance in more gigantic strides, and communism is sure to win final victory throughout the world.

LONG LIVE THE VICTORY OF THE DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT! – In Commemoration of the Centenary of the Paris Commune

https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/china/d-of-p.pdf

无产阶级专政胜利万岁——纪念巴黎公社一百周年

https://archive.is/Vdw5c

列宁主义,还是社会帝国主义?

LENINISM OR SOCIAL-IMPERIALISM.pdf (1.2 MB)

ADVANCE ALONG THE ROAD OPENED UP BY THE OCTOBER SOCIALIST REVOLUTION.pdf (963.0 KB)

:莱特是越南人。关于这个人有两种说法。第一种说法是在香港叛变;第二种说法是在越南被捕叛变,后来送去英国训练。1930年胡志明曾代表远东局到马来亚参加马共的成立大会。后来,英国派奸细混入马共,把马共的中央委员都抓光。在这种情况下,莱特跑到马来亚,混入党内,当了总书记。
主席:出了这样的人,你们党的中央委员差不多都被捕了,但你们党也没有垮,你们继续革命。当然你们受了不少灾难。
:当时被抓的中央委员主要是在城市。在军队和农村里的中央委员没有被抓。
主席:这是一条经验。你们谈完了吗?还没有答复他们吧?
:我们有错误。我们有错误就承认。
主席:应该这样。有错误就应该承认。有错误不承认就没有人信任你。
:我们也犯了很多错误。
主席:1931年四中全会,苏联替我们党起草了一个决议,把王明、秦邦宪这些人扶起来。我们这些人就给打下去,把我们看成一丝一毫的马列主义也没有。我说有1%的马列主义也好嘛。他们回来以后,使根据地的党组织损失了90%以上。遵义会议后,我们对付蒋介石就比较有把握,但他们不相信我们能推翻蒋介石,看不起延安,因为上海、南京、北京等大城市都在帝国主义手里。所以我们也吃过亏,党的力量损失了90%以上。王明到现在还不承认错误。他在莫斯科写文章反对我们。他现在还是中央委员。下次代表大会,他恐怕选不上了。刘、邓是不是能选上,我的意见还是应该选上。党内总有左、中、右,那么干净就不大好。但很危险,可能红卫兵不同意。
:除非他们真正改正错误,否则,我们也不同意选他们。不能蒙混过关,根据苏共的经验教训,党内最怕的是两面派。
主席:现在许多人都喊万岁。我就不相信。有的是真的,有的是假的。左派、右派都利用我这个旗帜,叫什么捍卫派。给了我许多衔头,说什么commander、helsman,“伟大的统帅”、“伟大的舵手”、什么“伟大的导师”、“伟大的领袖”。我看这些都不要。
:至少要保留一个。
主席:以后有问题可以随时找我。我很欢迎。
:希望文化大革命搞深搞透,打落水狗,不然就危险。中国是世界革命的中心。全世界人民,包括马来亚人民,对中国都寄以很大的希望。只要中国不变颜色,其他国家变颜色都没关系。苏联有二亿人口,中国有七亿人口。现在世界人民的觉悟程度同30年前大不相同。如果中国变颜色,世界革命就会有很大的倒退,我们的革命也要倒退好多年。
主席:实际上许多单位都变了,如广播电台、《人民日报》、中宣部。比较集中批评是在前年10月开始。这是世界人民的大事,中国人民的大事,马来亚人民的大事。
:我们没有想到问题如此严重。后来看到“三家村”的材料,他们很猖狂,公开骂中央。一定有赫鲁晓夫式的人物的支持。过去有传说:赫鲁晓夫下台后,马利诺夫斯基曾对中国党政代表团说,赫鲁晓夫下台了,你们的毛主席也应该下台。这就泄露天机。如果只有彭真一个人,就不敢那样猖狂,一定是有大红伞,有人指挥。
主席:怀疑对了。
:这是好事。这是关系到我们的大事。
主席:你们得帮一手。
:这个革命无论如何要搞深搞透。
主席:这很难说。这次深透,再过十年可能再出来。当然,应该避免。

ref.